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Unsupervised learning

By Updated

Learning structure (clusters, anomalies) from data without labels 1. With no ground truth to test against, controls rely on stability tests and human review of the segments before they are used in decisions.

Developed in
ch. 11, By learning paradigm
Chapters
ch. 11, AI Defined
Contrast with
Supervised learning
Source
1 numbered reference, listed below

Where it is used

The term is not used under this name in running prose; the sections listed under "Developed in" treat it.

Unsupervised learning: related terms and patternsThe term at the centre; related terms on solid edges, the terms it is contrasted with on dashed edges, and the patterns that use it most in the colour of their layer.RelatedContrastUnsupervised learningRelated terms (5)Machine learning · RelatedMachine learningReinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) · RelatedRLHFReinforcement learning · RelatedReinforcement learningReward hacking · RelatedReward hackingSelf-supervised learning · RelatedSelf-supervised learningContrast with (1)Supervised learning · ContrastSupervised learning
Unsupervised learning: related terms and patternsThe term at the centre; related terms on solid edges, the terms it is contrasted with on dashed edges, and the patterns that use it most in the colour of their layer.RelatedContrastRelated terms (5)Machine learning · RelatedMachine learningReinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) · RelatedRLHFReinforcement learning · RelatedReinforcement learningReward hacking · RelatedReward hackingSelf-supervised learning · RelatedSelf-supervised learningContrast with (1)Supervised learning · ContrastSupervised learningUnsupervisedlearning
The term's neighbourhood Terms related to this one on solid edges, terms it is often confused with on dashed edges, and the patterns that use it most in the colour of their layer. Follow a dashed edge to check the distinction before you use either term.
Neighbourhood as a table
Neighbourhood of Unsupervised learning
FamilyItemRelation
Related termsMachine learningRelated
Related termsReinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF)Related
Related termsReinforcement learningRelated
Related termsReward hackingRelated
Related termsSelf-supervised learningRelated
Contrast withSupervised learningContrast
  • Machine learning

    The branch of AI in which a system improves at a task by learning patterns from data rather than by following rules people wrote.

  • Reinforcement learning

    Learning to maximise a reward signal through trial and feedback.

  • Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF)

    A way to align a pre-trained model: supervised fine-tuning on human demonstrations, then reinforcement learning against a reward model trained on human…

  • Reward hacking

    A system finding an unintended way to maximise its reward or objective without doing what its designers meant.

  • Self-supervised learning

    Learning by predicting parts of the input itself, such as the next token, over large corpora; the AI Act's definition of a general-purpose model names…

Sources

  1. [1] ISO/IEC 22989:2022, Artificial intelligence concepts and terminology (referenced by identifier only; autonomy and heteronomy; clause 5.11 machine learning approaches: supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, reinforcement). ISO/IEC. 2022-07. https://www.iso.org/standard/74296.html (verified: secondary)

Definitions of legal terms paraphrase the cited text, which governs. Dated statements are as of .

Cite this term

García Aibar, J. (2026). Unsupervised learning. In AI Governance Engineering: The Thesis & Body of Knowledge (v0.5.0), Glossary. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22956197. https://aigovernanceengineer.com/glossary/unsupervised-learning. CC BY 4.0

BibTeX

@misc{aige2026unsupervisedlearning,
  author  = {Jorge García Aibar},
  title   = {{Unsupervised learning}},
  note    = {Glossary, AI Governance Engineering: The Thesis \& Body of Knowledge, version 0.5.0},
  year    = {2026},
  doi     = {10.5281/zenodo.22956197},
  url     = {https://aigovernanceengineer.com/glossary/unsupervised-learning}
}