AI laws by jurisdiction
Twenty jurisdictions as equal tiles in rough geographic layout, shaded by how binding their AI-specific regime is, as of 2026-09-24.
Text alternative
Twenty jurisdictions, one equal tile each, in rough geographic order, as of 2026-09-24. Binding, horizontal (a statute in force that applies across sectors): the European Union, South Korea, Japan (a promotional act with no penalties) and Italy. Binding, targeted (rules limited to a use, a sector, a class of developer or the public sector): the United States federal agencies, Canada's directive, China's departmental rules and, in the United States inset, California, Colorado, Illinois, New York, Texas, Utah and New York City. Voluntary (frameworks and guidance with no penalty attached): the United Kingdom, India, Singapore and Australia. Bill (not law yet): Brazil and Spain's national AI bill. The status is a reading aid, not legal advice; the table lists each jurisdiction's main instrument and its key date.
Data
| Jurisdiction | Tile | Status | Main instrument | Key date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Korea | KOR | Binding, horizontal | Basic Act on the Development of AI and the Establishment of a Foundation for Trust (Act No. 20676, as amended by Act No. 21311) | 2026-01-22 |
| United States (federal) | USA | Binding, targeted | OMB Memorandum M-25-21 (federal agency use of AI) | 2025-04-03 |
| Colorado | CO | Binding, targeted | SB 26-189, Automated Decision-Making Technology (replaces SB 24-205) | 2027-01-01 |
| Texas | TX | Binding, targeted | Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (HB 149) | 2026-01-01 |
| California | CA | Binding, targeted | SB 53, Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act | 2026-01-01 |
| New York | NY | Binding, targeted | RAISE Act (S6953B, as amended) | 2027-01-01 |
| Utah | UT | Binding, targeted | Artificial Intelligence Policy Act as amended by SB 226 and SB 332 | 2025-05-07 |
| Illinois | IL | Binding, targeted | HB 3773, Human Rights Act amendment on AI in employment | 2026-01-01 |
| New York City | NYC | Binding, targeted | Local Law 144 of 2021, automated employment decision tools | 2023-07-05 |
| Japan | JPN | Binding, horizontal | Act on the Promotion of Research, Development and Utilisation of AI-Related Technologies (Act No. 53 of 2025) | 2025-09-01 |
| China | CHN | Binding, targeted | Interim Measures for the Administration of Anthropomorphic Interaction Services | 2026-07-15 |
| Brazil | BRA | Bill | PL 2338/2023 (AI bill; passed the Senate, in the Chamber of Deputies) | 2024-12-10 |
| Canada | CAN | Binding, targeted | Directive on Automated Decision-Making | 2025-06-24 |
| India | IND | Voluntary | India AI Governance Guidelines | 2025-11-05 |
| United Kingdom | GBR | Voluntary | A pro-innovation approach to AI regulation: government response | 2024-02-06 |
| Italy | ITA | Binding, horizontal | Law No. 132 of 23 September 2025 on artificial intelligence | 2025-10-10 |
| Spain | ESP | Bill | Draft bill for the good use and governance of AI (first reading 11 March 2025) | 2025-03-11 |
| Singapore | SGP | Voluntary | Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI (v1.5) | 2026-05-20 |
| Australia | AUS | Voluntary | National AI Plan | 2025-12 |
| European Union | EU | Binding, horizontal | Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), as amended by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 | 2024-08-01 |
Source: Chapter 21 and site/src/data/jurisdictions.ts, as of 2026-09-24
Download
Every file carries the attribution band "aigovernanceengineer.com · CC BY 4.0 · v0.5.0" inside the image, and the version is in the file name, so a copy always says where it came from and which edition it shows. The SVGs keep the text live: the first follows the viewer's light or dark setting, the other two fix one theme for slides and print. The PNGs are drawn with the site's own typefaces.
Reuse and credit
The figure is published under CC BY 4.0: you may copy, share and adapt it, commercially too, provided you give appropriate credit, link to the licence and say if you changed it. Keep the attribution band in the image. A credit line that covers title, author, source and licence:
“AI laws by jurisdiction” by Jorge García Aibar, aigovernanceengineer.com (https://aigovernanceengineer.com/figures/jurisdiction-tiles), v0.5.0, as of 2026-09-24. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Embed with HTML
<figure>
<img src="https://aigovernanceengineer.com/downloads/figures/jurisdiction-tiles-v0.5.0-light-1600.png" alt="Twenty jurisdictions as equal tiles in rough geographic layout, shaded by how binding their AI-specific regime is, as of 2026-09-24." width="800" height="1035" loading="lazy">
<figcaption>
<a href="https://aigovernanceengineer.com/figures/jurisdiction-tiles">AI laws by jurisdiction</a> by Jorge García Aibar,
aigovernanceengineer.com, v0.5.0, as of 2026-09-24.
Licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>.
</figcaption>
</figure>Embed with Markdown
*[AI laws by jurisdiction](https://aigovernanceengineer.com/figures/jurisdiction-tiles) by Jorge García Aibar, aigovernanceengineer.com, v0.5.0, as of 2026-09-24. Licensed under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).*