GAO AI Accountability Framework principle 2: data

Document the sources and origins of development data and assess their reliability, categorisation, variable selection and any synthetic, imputed or augmented data; assess the dependencies, bias, security and privacy of the data used in operation

By Jorge García Aibar Reviewed 2026-09-27

From clause to evidence Build the artefact, then file every output it produces as a record that names AIGE-OBL-USGAO-DATA. Drawn from chapter 08.

Text alternative

Clause: GAO AI Accountability, principle 2, practices 2.1….
Duty holder: Federal agencies and other….
Applies from: 2021-06-30, Voluntary.
Artefact: Dataset datasheet with lineage.
Layers: Layer 02, Layer 03.
Evidence record: Evidence record v1.
Record schema: Evidence record.
The same topic in 21 other frameworks; the crosswalk section below links each clause.

When this obligation applies The first date in the row's status, then each later step: filled once its date has passed, outlined while it is still ahead of the review date.

Data table: the dates

Dates of AIGE-OBL-USGAO-DATA
Date	Step	Detail
2021-06-30	Voluntary	Non-binding audit framework; published 2021-06-30

Id: AIGE-OBL-USGAO-DATA
Instrument: GAO AI Accountability Framework (GAO-21-519SP) framework
Clause: principle 2 (data), practices 2.1 to 2.8
In scope: Federal agencies and other entities; auditors and third-party assessors
Authority: U.S. Government Accountability Office; inspectors general
Applies from: 2021-06-30 Voluntary · Non-binding audit framework; published 2021-06-30

The artefact that evidences it

Dataset datasheet with lineage; data-quality and representativeness evals; data-flow map.

What this obligation connects to Solid edges are direct relations, dashed ones looser (a case that cites the same article, a framework whose clauses only touch the topic); patterns and controls take the colour of their stack layer. Select a node to open it; the lists below give every relation in full.

Data table: every relation

Relations of AIGE-OBL-USGAO-DATA
Family	Item	Relation
Same crosswalk topic	AI Verify 8.1.1, 8.2.1, 9.7.1, 5.3.1, 4.5.2, 9.3.1, 7.1.1, 7.2.1, 7.8.1, 8.3.1, 8.3.2, 1.4.1	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	CSA AICM DSP-20, DSP-21, STA-10, STA-09, GRC-11, DSP-08, DSP-22	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	China Deep Synthesis DeepSyn Art. 14	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	China GenAI Measures GenAI Art. 7, GenAI Art. 8, GenAI Art. 11, GenAI Art. 4(2), GenAI Art. 7(3)	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	CoE Convention CoE Art. 10, CoE Art. 11	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	EU AI Act Art. 10, Art. 10(2)(f)–(g), Art. 4a, Art. 53, Art. 53(1)(c), Art. 5(1)(e), Art. 25, Art. 25(4), Art. 26, Art. 22, Art. 23, Art. 24, Art. 54, Art. 59	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	GAO AI Accountability 3.8	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	GB/T 45654 GB/T 45654 Corpus security	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	GDPR Art. 5(1)(c), Art. 25, Art. 9, Art. 28, Arts. 44–46, Art. 5(1)(a), Art. 5, Art. 6, Art. 35	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	ISO 42001 A.7, A.7.3, A.4, A.10, A.5.4	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	NIST AI RMF MAP 2, MEASURE 2.10, MEASURE 2.11, GOVERN 6, MAP 4, MANAGE 3, MANAGE 3.1, GOVERN 6.2, GOVERN 3.1	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	OWASP Agentic ASI04	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	OWASP LLM LLM05:2026, LLM04:2026, LLM02:2026	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	Singapore GenAI GenAI 2	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	TC260 Framework 3.0 TC260 2.1.3, TC260 5.1, TC260 App. 2 II.4, TC260 4.4.4	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	UK ATRS ATRS 2.4.3, ATRS 2.1.4, ATRS 2.4.2	Core clause
Same crosswalk topic	China Algo. Rec. AlgoRec Art. 21	Related clause
Same crosswalk topic	G7 Code G7 Action 11	Related clause
Same crosswalk topic	GPAI Code Copyright 1.1–1.5, Transparency 1.2	Related clause
Same crosswalk topic	OECD AI Principles OECD 1.2	Related clause
Same crosswalk topic	UK DUAA UK GDPR Art. 22B	Related clause

Patterns that build it

No pattern in the catalogue names this clause on its "Maps to" line yet; the artefact above is the engineering answer.

The same topic in other frameworks

From the topic crosswalk: the clauses filed under the same topics as this one. Mappings are illustrative, not a claim of conformity.

Source

Chapter 08, section Federal audit and oversight, checked against its sources on the review date above.

Machine-readable

This obligation: /api/v1/obligations/aige-obl-usgao-data.json
The register: /api/v1/obligations.json · CSV
Schema and stability promise: open data and API

Cite this obligation

García Aibar, J. (2026). GAO AI Accountability Framework principle 2: data (AIGE-OBL-USGAO-DATA). In AI Governance Engineering: The Thesis & Body of Knowledge (v0.5.0). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22956197. https://aigovernanceengineer.com/obligations/aige-obl-usgao-data. CC BY 4.0

BibTeX

@misc{aige2026obligation,
  author       = {Jorge García Aibar},
  title        = {{GAO AI Accountability Framework principle 2: data (AIGE-OBL-USGAO-DATA)}},
  howpublished = {In AI Governance Engineering: The Thesis \& Body of Knowledge},
  year         = {2026},
  version      = {0.5.0},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.22956197},
  url          = {https://aigovernanceengineer.com/obligations/aige-obl-usgao-data},
  note         = {Version 0.5.0}
}

The artefact that evidences it

Patterns that build it

The same topic in other frameworks

Data governance

Supply chain and third parties

Fairness and non-discrimination

Privacy and data protection

Source

Machine-readable