---
title: "SB 53"
description: "California's frontier-AI transparency law (TFAIA), in force 1 Jan 2026, covering frontier developers training models above 10^26 FLOP: all of them publish transparency reports and report critical…"
canonical: https://aigovernanceengineer.com/glossary/sb-53
author: "Jorge García Aibar"
license: "CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)"
doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22956197
version: "0.5.0"
updated: 2026-09-25
---

# SB 53

California's frontier-AI transparency law (TFAIA), in force 1 Jan 2026, covering frontier developers training models above 10^26 FLOP: all of them publish transparency reports and report critical safety incidents, and large frontier developers also publish a safety framework [1][2].

- Developed in: [ch. 08, Frontier-developer laws](https://aigovernanceengineer.com/bok/regulatory-map#frontier-developer-laws)
- Chapters: [ch. 08, Regulatory Map](https://aigovernanceengineer.com/bok/regulatory-map) · [ch. 21, AI Laws Worldwide](https://aigovernanceengineer.com/bok/ai-laws-worldwide)
- In the glossary chapter: https://aigovernanceengineer.com/bok/glossary#t-sb-53

## Sources

[1] California SB 53 / TFAIA (models above 10^26 FLOP; transparency reports and incident reports by all frontier developers; frameworks by large frontier developers). Future of Privacy Forum. 2025-10-03. https://fpf.org/blog/californias-sb-53-the-first-frontier-ai-law-explained/ (verified: secondary)
[2] SB 53, Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025, approved and filed 29 Sep 2025; a regular-session statute, in force from 1 Jan 2026 under Cal. Const. art. IV, §8(c)(1); frontier model > 10^26 operations; large frontier developer > USD 500M revenue; frontier AI framework; transparency report; critical safety incidents to the Office of Emergency Services within 15 days). California Legislature. 2025-09-29. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53 (verified: primary)