{
  "notice": "Illustrative mapping from the AI Governance Engineer Body of Knowledge v0.5.0 (not a claim of conformity)",
  "version": "0.5.0",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "schema": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/api/v1/schemas/obligation.json",
  "self": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/api/v1/obligations/aige-obl-pld-art9-10.json",
  "source": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/obligations/aige-obl-pld-art9-10",
  "citation": {
    "title": "AI Governance Engineering: The Thesis & Body of Knowledge",
    "authors": [
      "Jorge García Aibar"
    ],
    "parentDoi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22956197",
    "conceptDoi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22857084"
  },
  "obligation": {
    "id": "AIGE-OBL-PLD-ART9-10",
    "url": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/obligations/aige-obl-pld-art9-10",
    "json": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/api/v1/obligations/aige-obl-pld-art9-10.json",
    "framework": "EU Product Liability Directive",
    "frameworkId": "eu-pld",
    "clause": "Arts. 9–10",
    "obligation": "EU Product Liability Directive Arts. 9–10 disclosure of evidence and presumption of defect",
    "requirement": "A court can order the defendant to disclose relevant evidence at its disposal; failing to disclose it is one of the conditions under which the product is presumed defective",
    "artefact": "Defence file per release: AIBOM with hashes, eval history, failure-mode analysis, signed logs, instructions for use, kept for the liability period",
    "layers": [
      2,
      3,
      5
    ],
    "dutyHolder": null,
    "scope": "Manufacturers, incl. providers of AI systems and substantial modifiers",
    "authority": "National courts",
    "appliesFrom": "2026-12-09",
    "appliesStatus": "applies-later",
    "appliesNote": "Products placed on the market or put into service after 2026-12-09",
    "milestones": [],
    "systemClass": [],
    "patterns": [],
    "crosswalkTopics": [],
    "reviewed": "2026-09-24",
    "chapter": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/bok/regulatory-map#liability-copyright-consumer-and-sector-law"
  }
}