{
  "notice": "Illustrative mapping from the AI Governance Engineer Body of Knowledge v0.5.0 (not a claim of conformity)",
  "version": "0.5.0",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "schemaVersion": 2,
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  "self": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/api/v1/obligations/aige-obl-pld-art11-2.json",
  "source": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/obligations/aige-obl-pld-art11-2",
  "citation": {
    "title": "AI Governance Engineering: The Thesis & Body of Knowledge",
    "authors": [
      "Jorge García Aibar"
    ],
    "parentDoi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22956197",
    "conceptDoi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22857084"
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  "obligation": {
    "id": "AIGE-OBL-PLD-ART11-2",
    "url": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/obligations/aige-obl-pld-art11-2",
    "json": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/api/v1/obligations/aige-obl-pld-art11-2.json",
    "framework": "EU Product Liability Directive",
    "frameworkId": "eu-pld",
    "clause": "Art. 11(2)",
    "obligation": "EU Product Liability Directive Art. 11(2) no later-defect defence for software, its updates or missing safety updates in the manufacturer's control",
    "requirement": "The manufacturer cannot rely on the defect arising after placing on the market where it is due to software, incl. its updates or upgrades, or to missing safety updates, that remain within its control",
    "artefact": "Change log; regression evals per release; patch decision records; versioned warnings",
    "layers": [
      3,
      4,
      5
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    "dutyHolder": null,
    "scope": "Manufacturers",
    "authority": "National courts",
    "appliesFrom": "2026-12-09",
    "appliesStatus": "applies-later",
    "appliesNote": "Products placed on the market or put into service after 2026-12-09",
    "milestones": [],
    "systemClass": [],
    "patterns": [],
    "crosswalkTopics": [],
    "reviewed": "2026-09-24",
    "chapter": "https://aigovernanceengineer.com/bok/regulatory-map#liability-copyright-consumer-and-sector-law"
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}